Vibration analysis is a crucial part of predictive maintenance, using various techniques to detect and diagnose potential issues in machinery. By employing methods like FFT analysis, time waveform analysis, envelope detection, order tracking, and modal analysis, maintenance teams can ensure machinery operates efficiently and prevent unexpected breakdowns
Early Detection of Issues keep systems operational, increase your uptime and your bottom line: By identifying abnormal vibrations early, maintenance can be performed before a catastrophic failure occurs, reducing downtime and repair costs.
All rotating systems such as fans, pumps, motors, gearboxes and turbines vibrate when they are operating. To measure this vibration signal, we utilise a specialist sensor and software. The vibration patterns change as the system condition changes and this is where Vibration Analysis is used as a tool to improve reliability.
Changing forces within the system generates the vibration which is transferred to the bearings and is the result of rotational and frictional forces. The vibration measured at the bearing of a machine; it is actually the response of the bearing housing to the forces generated inside the machine.
Indeed, vibration analysis provides very early warnings of fault conditions and mechanical problems. Additionally, we can detect faults before there is any affect to the system operations. An example of these faults is:
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1.FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Analysis:
How It Works: FFT converts time-domain data into frequency-domain data, allowing analysts to identify the different frequencies at which a machine is vibrating.
Benefits: Helps detect imbalances, misalignments, and bearing defects by identifying characteristic frequency peaks.
2. Time Waveform Analysis:
How It Works: This technique involves directly analysing the raw vibration signal over time.
Benefits: Useful for detecting transient events and identifying issues like impacts, rubs, and gear problems that may not be apparent in frequency-domain data.
3. Envelope Detection:
How It Works: Focuses on the higher frequency content modulated by the lower frequency vibration.
Benefits: Effective for identifying bearing defects and early-stage gear faults by isolating the repetitive impacts caused by these issues.
4. Order Tracking:
How It Works: This method synchronizes vibration data with the rotational speed of the machine.
Benefits: Allows for the analysis of vibration relative to machine speed, making it easier to detect issues that vary with speed, such as imbalances and misalignments.
5. Modal Analysis:
How It Works: Assesses the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping characteristics of a structure or machine.
Benefits: Helps in identifying resonance conditions and structural weaknesses, which can lead to failure if not addressed.
